by Lowell Bezanis For the past decade, Turkmenistan’s destiny has been shaped by one man – Saparmurad Niyazov, also known as Turkmenbasi, or ‘chief of the Turkmen’ – with the result that the country has made only minimal progress toward democratization BORN IN 1940 IN THE REPublic’s capital, Ashgabat, Saparmurad Niyazov worked his way up through the ranks of the […]
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