Plus, Lithuanians and Latvians are among the EU’s top degree-holders, and Ashgabat’s urban renewal leaves misery in its wake.

You have reached a premium content area of Transitions. To read this entire article please login if you are already a Transitions subscriber.

Not a subscriber?

Subscribe today for access to:
Full access to the website, including premium articles videos, country reports and searchable archives (containing over 25,000 articles).

You can subscribe here to gain access to the entire website.